We hope all readers learnt & enjoy reading from our humble proj blog!
Our group members are:
Xinning
Samantha
Jie Lun
Rudiani
The last post indicates how we first started the proj, so scroll from the bottom to up.
Thank you & enjoy! (=
Monday, July 19, 2010
How we went about it
Body's temperature is a measure of the body's ability to generate and get rid of heat. It is one of the 5 parameters taken when we measure a person's vital signs. (The other 4 being Blood Pressure, Pulse rate, Respiration rate and Pain).
There are various ways to measure body temperature, via :
Oral: in the mouth, under the tongue
Axilla: under the armpit
Rectal: in the anus
Tympanic: from the ear drum in the ear canal
Skin: on the forehead
Our research question:
Is a person's oral temperature related to his/her axilla temperature?
Defining the variables:
Variable 1: Oral temperature
Variable 2: Axillary temperature
Extraneous variables: Gender
Conceptualization:
Oral temperature: temperature taken under the tongue of the subject
Axilla temperature: temperature taken under the axilla/armpit of the subject
Literature review:
Body Temperature: Normal range, Fever, and Thermometer Types
Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review
Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body temperature)
Comparison of Axillary Temperature with Rectal or Oral Temperature
and Determination of Optimum Placement Time in Children
A comparison between infrared tympanic thermometry, oral and axilla with rectal thermometry in neutropenic adults
Rectal, ear, oral, and axillary temperature comparison
Is axillary temperature an appropriate surrogate for core temperature?
How reliable is axillary temperature measurement?
Operationalization:
1.We gathered our samples by measuring the oral temperature & axilla temperature of our schoolmates using an electronic digital thermometer.
2. Calibration- The temperatures are measured using the same brand of electronic thermometers. They have been pre-checked to ensure they register readings that are within (plus minus)0.1 degree when measuring from the same cup of warm water at the same time.
3. Thermosheaths were also used for both oral and axilla temperature taking to maintain consistency.
4. We took measurements of both temperature routes for each individual TWICE to obtain an AVERAGE.
5. The data was collected from a group of healthy males and females from 17 to 24 yrs old.
What can affect the test:
Inaccurate temperature readings can be caused by:
There are various ways to measure body temperature, via :
Oral: in the mouth, under the tongue
Axilla: under the armpit
Rectal: in the anus
Tympanic: from the ear drum in the ear canal
Skin: on the forehead
Our research question:
Is a person's oral temperature related to his/her axilla temperature?
Defining the variables:
Variable 1: Oral temperature
Variable 2: Axillary temperature
Extraneous variables: Gender
Conceptualization:
Oral temperature: temperature taken under the tongue of the subject
Axilla temperature: temperature taken under the axilla/armpit of the subject
Literature review:
Body Temperature: Normal range, Fever, and Thermometer Types
Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review
Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body temperature)
Comparison of Axillary Temperature with Rectal or Oral Temperature
and Determination of Optimum Placement Time in Children
A comparison between infrared tympanic thermometry, oral and axilla with rectal thermometry in neutropenic adults
Rectal, ear, oral, and axillary temperature comparison
Is axillary temperature an appropriate surrogate for core temperature?
How reliable is axillary temperature measurement?
Operationalization:
1.We gathered our samples by measuring the oral temperature & axilla temperature of our schoolmates using an electronic digital thermometer.
2. Calibration- The temperatures are measured using the same brand of electronic thermometers. They have been pre-checked to ensure they register readings that are within (plus minus)0.1 degree when measuring from the same cup of warm water at the same time.
3. Thermosheaths were also used for both oral and axilla temperature taking to maintain consistency.
4. We took measurements of both temperature routes for each individual TWICE to obtain an AVERAGE.
5. The data was collected from a group of healthy males and females from 17 to 24 yrs old.
What can affect the test:
Inaccurate temperature readings can be caused by:
- Not keeping your mouth closed around the thermometer when taking an oral temperature.
- Not leaving a thermometer in place long enough before reading it.
- Not putting the proper thermometer in the right place.
- Not following the instructions for proper use that come with the thermometer.
- A weak or dead thermometer battery.
- Taking an oral temperature within 20 mins after smoking or drinking a hot or cold liquid.
- Taking a temperature by any method within an hour of exercising vigorously or taking a hot bath.
Precautions taken during operationalization:
- Fresh batteries were inserted in all test electronic thermometers.
- We reminded all subjects to place the thermometer under their tongues and keep their mouth closed around the thermometer.
- We only remove the thermometer from under the tongue or armpit when it beeped to indicate that it was in place long enough to register a stable temperature.
- The temperatures were taken at the end of the first morning lectures at NYP so that:
- There is at least an hour's gap from any consumed hot drink or food (to minimize the influence of hot food on body temperature), and
- The subjects would be at rest (to minimize the impact of any physical exertion on body temperature).
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